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Theories of Ideology in Sociology
Speculations of Ideology in Sociology Belief system is the focal point through which an individual perspectives the world. Inside the fie...
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Effects Of Market Driven Health Care System - 930 Words
In recent years, a clear picture has emerged, which states that a competitive marketplace would not only work well in the health care system but rather bring great benefits to the American consumer. Many have the believed that health care is inherently different from other industries and cannot operate in a normal market. Most people are of the view that government regulations however substandard it maybe, seems better than a dysfunctional marketplace to allocate resources ineffectively. It is prudent that the health care system become market driven, this is because free market will make the health care system inefficient for all. Introduction It has been demonstrated that the most efficient systems are created when everyoneââ¬â¢s vested interest are in alignment with each other. Before an effective health care system is achieved, acceptable rules for all stakeholders must be spelled out. A transparent policy must be laid out. The effects of market driven health care system, is to put the consumer in charge. This will mean that the consumer will have to determine what they want in a health care system. Americans need a health care system that cares about wellbeing of patients. The basis of a patient centered health care system is efficiency in terms of the kind of services offered to the consumer. Efficiency is achieved with the power device of market based competition. A market driven health care system is the where the health consumer gainsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act1073 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Alicia Rodgers HSA 505 ââ¬â Health Services Planning and Marketing Dr. Gwendolyn Francavillo October 23, 2011 Abstract There have many attempts to reconstruct our nationââ¬â¢s health care system. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, better known as Health Care Reform, is a federal law that was passed on March 23, 2010. This statute was passed in order to guarantee medical care and insurance coverage to all Americans; reduce costs of coverage;Read MoreEssay about Health Care Systems1368 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning head: HEALTH CARE SYSTEM EVOLUTION PAPER Health Care System Evolution Paper University of Phoenix Sandra Walther/ HCS 310 October 20, 2009 Understanding the roller-coaster experience with the use of market forces in health care over the past ten years provides important context for discussions of likely future developments in the nature of competition (Lesser, 2007). The period began with acceptance of managed care transforming the organization of medical care delivery and proceededRead MoreChanging The Landscape Of Health Care Essay959 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿ Altering the Landscape of Health Care Beverly L. Rivera HCS/490 October 15, 2014 Joseph N. Atkins Altering the Landscape of Health Care The health care field is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States and other countries. The scope of changes suggests a consumer-driven environment and moving away from a provider-driven industry. Changes in technology and communication methods are allowing people to engage directly with their health care provider and not rely solely on theRead MoreA Brief Note On Healthcare And The Economy1741 Words à |à 7 Pagesin the midst of historic realignments. Community Health Nurses need to innovate and evolve if the community clinics are going to continue to serve our patients and remain an economic engine for the region. Doctorsââ¬â¢ offices have seen a revolution in the past quarter century. Outpatient visits have grown by two hundred percent. The center of the community is shifting away from the hospital. Outpatient care has replaced hospital care, and outpatient care is being replaced by homecare. Patients want treatmentRead MoreThe Principle Of Market Justice915 Words à |à 4 PagesThe principle of market justice is a system where medical care and benefits are distributed on the basis of people willing and able to pay. Moreover, the principle of market justice assumes that the free-market forces for supply and demand can govern health care, individuals are responsible for their achievements, and the market works best with minimal inference with the government (Shi and Singh, 2013). On the contrary, the principle of social justice is when health care is equally distributed,Read MorePolicy Interview Analysis : Health Care System959 Words à |à 4 Pagesmany sides to how one may view the current health care system. Patients, Providers, and Government all have their idea as to how things should be taken care of when it comes to the policies and the finances involved. Unfortunately these groups donââ¬â¢t always see eye to eye in the methodology. This essay is about one Chiropractors opinions in regards to Government and health care syste m, the ACA involvement and Obamacare, and the providersââ¬â¢ role in health care and with the vulnerable population. ForRead MoreSigma And The Cost Of Quality1735 Words à |à 7 Pageseliminating the root cause for defects or errors in all processes, by creating new and more effective processes. To the health care company, ââ¬Å"The Cost of Qualityâ⬠may look and feel slightly different, yet in many ways both are the same. Both companies may operate and produce different products, and operate in two different market segments, both are concerned with delivering customer driven quality products or services in the most cost effective manner. Therefore, if we use a comparative analysis and theRead MoreCost, Access And Quality1253 Words à |à 6 Pageshealthcare share little of the financial burden of the cost of the care they receive, patients and physicians are incentivized to utilize healthcare at a higher rate than they would if cost was a larger factor. The United States healthcare systems is based on a capitalist system but it operates in an imperfect marketplace that is no competitive. Th e current marketplace is not highly regulated as there is not a national health care program for all Americans which allow prices to be regulated and controlledRead MoreWhat Are The Forces Within America That Have Shaped Our Health Care System? Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesshaped our health care system? Many forces shape our current healthcare system. Our cultural belief and values shape our views on our social, political, and economic exigencies. While our beliefs and values usually represent basic or core impressions of individuals in our society, they are constantly changing. Thus, they lend a sense of dynamism to our health care system. Our cultural beliefs and values also impact our sense of ethics, which also influences how we allocate our health resources andRead MoreStakeholders Are A Big Part Of A Healthcare Organization1481 Words à |à 6 PagesHealthcare Delivery System that plays a part in the performance and the health of the organization. Five of the major stakeholders consist of government, providers (which includes doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare providers), patients, insurance companies, and pharmaceutical companies. Based off of the healthcare delivery system where it stands now, there are some recommendations that the stakeholder can do to h ave a positive effect on the healthcare delivery system. Healthcare
Monday, December 16, 2019
Computer Shop Network Free Essays
Problems why propose such project. ? Some of the gamers are noisy. ? Most of the computer are encountering lag within their units. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Shop Network or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? Unorganized setting of a computer, by witch gamers, chatting, and surfing to the net is in one room. III. Objective in proposing the project. To give privacy to the client, and give convenience to every person who will use internet, and other office application. ? To prevent lag within the units, to have a convenient transactions because there will be a separate server and admin within the establishment. ? To have an organized environment within the computer shop, having the separate computer for gaming and surfing to net. IV. Methodology in creating a project. V. Hardware requirements. VI. [pic] VII. Visit Store VIII. Acs48 Cyclades 48 Port Console Server IX. Acs48 Cyclades 48 Port Console ServerX. $399. 99 XI. + $10. 11 shipping XII. eBay [pic]Logitech Squeezebox Boom All-in-One Network Music Player / Wi-Fi Internet Radio (930000054) Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form See Details Lava Computer Ether-Serial (ESL4-232-DB9).. . Lava Computer Ether-Serial (ESL4-232-DB9) (ES4-232DB9) Serial Device Server from $188. 57 12 stores [pic] See Details Silex Technology SX-2000WG (SX-2000WG+) USBâ⬠¦ Silex Technology SX-2000WG (SX-2000WG+) USB Device Server from $115. 67 7 stores (1)Save to list [pic] See Details Avocent (AMIQDM-PS2) Monitor / Keyboard / Mouse. .. Avocent (AMIQDM-PS2) Monitor / Keyboard / Mouse Extender from $180. 99 6 stores |[pic] |[pic] | |KVM Cable 3 in 1 |USB Computer Cables | |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |USB to Internal Cable |USB A to B Cable |A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, string of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Standard sizes are determined by various wire gauges. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in ââ¬Ëmultistranded wireââ¬â¢, which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.This information serves as guidelines in analyzing and formulating idea to construct a system that will meet the requirement for the user to be satisfied. Designing/ analyzing System designs help in specifying hardware and system requirements that can easily defined by making an overall system architecture that serves as and input. The system will be design to fit the ability of the user; a simple with interactive buttons that will suitably fit the needs of the user. Implementation and Unit Testing In making a design and document we should divide this as modules or unit to proceed in actual setting.Each unit will be develop and test for its functionality Integration and System testing Units are integrate into a complete system during integration phase and will be test to check if all modules or units coordinate between each other and the settings as a whole behaves as per the specification. Operation and Maintenance This phase is vertically never ending phase, this development will come up after its practical used will start, problem may occur, issues related on the system may solve after the deployment of the system. Hub Hub For gaming For internet Tile Floor Internet[pic] Internet[pic] Routers Entrance Printers Computers This include to those person who will have a future computer shop setting. Those person that may engage to the computer industry. Weââ¬â¢d like to implement this project to those who will be engaging to the computer business industry. Having the new setting of the computer shop, this will help to the people to be more organize. How to cite Computer Shop Network, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Socio-Economic Problems free essay sample
Nyarko Lartey Billton is my name and I am very honoured to take part in this august argument. The motion before the house Mr. Chairman is and i quote ââ¬Å"the socio-economic problems of Ghana are responsible for indiscipline of the citizensâ⬠. Mr. Chairman before i take my stand in this august argument, i would like to explain certain keywords in the motion so that my audience will get a clear idea of what the motion is about. Mr. Chairman, the keywords in the motion are socio-economic problems, responsible, indiscipline and citizens. According to Wikipedia-the free Encyclopaedia, a socio-economic problem refers to the area that governs the misunderstandings and the activities of individuals that shape them as economically inactive. The socio-economic issues are the problems that socioeconomics tackles and the factors that have negative influence on the individuals economic activity. Such issues are lack of education, ignorance, cultural and religious discrimination, overpopulation, unemployment, poverty and corruption. Indiscipline is the disobedience of rules and orders and a manifestation of an outward mark of disrespect in accordance with standing agreements. Indiscipline therefore calls for disrespect, a breach of social order, bad moral behaviour, disregard to self-accepted and self-maintained social values of life. Mr. Chairman, to be responsible means that to be hols accountable for an action or an activity. The 1992 constitution of the republic of Ghana defines a citizen as a person who has been accepted as a Ghanaian either by birth, marriage or adoption. The motion therefore means that socio-economic problems are solely responsible for indiscipline of the citizens. From this notion or idea of the motion i would like to go against the motion that socio-economic problems are not responsible for indiscipline of the citizens of the republic of Ghana. Based on the rich natural resources and the positive character and intelligence of the people, Dr. Nkrumahs strategy towards economic freedom took off with enthusiasm. And during the 9years of his regime, Ghana experienced an accelerated socio-economic and industrial development progress never seen in Africa before. Ghana was becoming an industrial hub in West Africa in the 60s, manufacturing almost many basic products from factories across the country. Agriculture was on top priority producing bumper harvest of raw materials for the factories and plenty foodstuffs to feed the people. Foodstuffs were even sold at fair prices to workers at their offices, workplaces and other outlets by the state food distribution corporation. Within 9years of the first republic, Ghanas GNP and GDP were very high with favourable economic trend and improved the quality of life. What then, has befallen the country, resulting in the present self-inflicting socio-economic crisis Ghanaians are experiencing, since the overthrow of the first republic. Ghanaians after DR Nkrumah, 50 years now, have not been able to manage their socio-economic problems and even to sustain and maintain solid infrastructure foundation base built during the first republic. Precious 50 years has been a waste in Ghanas history in her socio-economic development and is experiencing serious deterioration and neglect in infrastructure, resulting in the sinking of the nation into poverty in the midst of riches. Corruption, a socio-economic problem, another hindrance to progress, which is also an attribute of greed, is a canker that has eaten into the moral fibre of some leaders from top to bottom. Mr. Chairman, the interesting part of this is that, the people of Ghana today canââ¬â¢t stand the face of poverty due to the corrupt nature of some of our leaders who manage to steal state money. This has given rise in lawlessness, indiscipline, economic crimes and draining the country of billions of cedis. Mr. Chairman an incident of such happened at the Esipong Magistrate court during the Ghana at 50 probe. The court final decision which was published in the daily graphic with number GDN 0003365478T on the 15th of May, 2008 declared that since the minister was supposed to share the at 50 T-shirts for free and he decided to sell them, he was charged of defilement to the state and his position was taken away from him. The youth upon realising the truth set off to the street to embark on a demonstration. The description on their boards reads ââ¬Å" he deserves prison This is a sort of indiscipline. This clearly shows that since the minister was corrupt which is socio-economic problem, it led the citizen to embark on an unlawful demonstration which is indiscipline. Also another episode of corruption Back-biting, another hindrance to economic development and for that matter a socio-economic problem which causes indiscipline refers to the discrediting somebody because of envy / jealousy. Mr. C hairman, backbiting in Ghana now a day is on the ascendancy and itââ¬â¢s causing a great deal of harm among the citizens in the country leady to indiscipline. Mr. Chairman, considering a report by the Graphic Co-operation released in 2010 during the Mills government shows that, even in government our leaders stick to backbiting to rip competent men off their position. Hon. J. E Sarpong (coach of the Dansoman based Liberty professionals) sounded a strong warning to some assistant coaches in Ghana for their ââ¬Å"pull him downâ⬠attitude which i call the ââ¬Å"PHD Attitudeâ⬠when he saw that it was these attitudes of the assistant coaches that the boys were performing poorly on the field despite the hard training. Envy, dirty politics, administrative frauds, dishonesty, false propaganda and lies are all socio-economic problems causing indiscipline in the country drawing the country back in progress. Mr. Chairman, another inflicting socio-economic problem leading to indiscipline in the country is unemployment. Labor is the most important asset of the poor. Underemployment and Unemployment are thus key determinants of povertyâ⬠. Labor is very important, it brings income to the family, to purchase its daily needs and it runs the economy of the country. Without labor, poverty pops out. Poor countries should establish its labor force; they cannot depend for the rest of their lives in the help of other countries. In the old sayings ââ¬Å"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach him how to fish and he will eat for a lifetimeâ⬠. The street of Ghana today is filled with unemployed graduates and this is raising the rate of crime combat in the country. Crimes like armed robbery and pickpocketting in Ghana is one the ascendancy due to lack of jobs for the youth. Because they must eat at all cost, they are left with no option than to break doors and rob others of their property. Mr. Chairman, the saying I quoted not long ago addresses rich countries and that they should teach poor countries how to work and to stand by themselves, so they could not be over dependent on them. Also to clarify this Mr. Chairman our leaders are so corrupt and sycophant. How can a doctor work for the whole year and not be paid certain allowances. This is something mostly unheard of in this country. If they appeal for their money and the minister in charge tells them and I quote ââ¬Å"the meat is finished and its left with the bonesâ⬠on quote and at the same time the remaining he calls ââ¬Å"bonesâ⬠on quote is the same money used to pay the MPââ¬â¢s and the cabinet ministers and other officials. Mr. Chairman, i want to throw this to my opponents that if it was to be them, what will be their reaction to this. Their answer will be the same strike action and unlawful demonstration as in the case of NAGRAT and the GMA in 2013. I call the recent strike action by NAGRAT and GMA unlawful because in our constitution, for a social service personnel to embark on a strike is a breach to the laws. Mr. Chairman, Panel of Judges, Accurate Time Keeper, Co Debatersââ¬â¢ of the Opposing Views, Fellow Students, Ladies and Gentlemen: now that I have succeeded in setting the record straight i know i have been able to convince the house that the current socio-economic problems of the country is responsible for indiscipline of the citizens.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution free essay sample
This paper is a reconstruction of Nietzsches moral theory in On the Genealogy of Morals and its application to the moral-political philosophies of the Old Regime and the French Revolution. This paper is an examination of Nietzsches On the Genealogy of Morals and its relation to the historical context in which it was written. A parallel is drawn between Nietzsches view of the historical evolution of morality and the development of the moral-political philosophies of the Ancient (Old) Regime and the French Revolution. The Ancient Regime is associated with Nietzsches idea of good, bad morality, while the French Revolution is connected with good, evil morality. Some other issues discussed are the idea of the slave revolt and the morality of Napoleon. Every civilized society is concerned with its moral fabric: the ethical and behavioral norms that all citizens are expected to obey. Morality, on its surface, appears to be a philosophical issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some people speak of a universal morality, beyond time and devolving upon all people equally. In this way, they explain the prevalence of certain moral laws, for instance, the prohibition against murder, in almost every society. Others view morality as a subjective concept, yet still one with philosophical origins. They maintain that many societies possess laws against murder because each group of people has made an independent philosophical evaluation, and determined that the value of life is something they as cohabitants of the same state all uphold. For Friedrich Nietzsche, both of these approaches are fundamentally flawed.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Conservative Intellectuals and Reagan Ascendancy
Conservative Intellectuals and Reagan Ascendancy Conservative Intellectuals and Reagan Ascendancy In the 1980s, some conservative thinkers disassociated themselves with Reagan ideology while several conservatives, are referred to as the Old Right, expressed insightful reservations about what had become popularly known as neo-conservatism. Many differences have arisen between these two factions that share totally different ideological stances. One is that neo-conservatism is against the subsequent expressions of utilitarianism, empiricism and pragmatism that it believes follows from the demise of a transcendent realm of being as a cognitive reality in human understanding. Secondly, neo-conservatism develops from the opposition to the French Revolution. This new conservatism appeals to certain traditional practices and history as emotional and moral restraints on the prevailing whim of the moment and would render conservatism as a certain quality of imagination. Thirdly, neo-conservatism is derived from the reaction against the industrial revolution unlike the Old Right that developed under the umbrella of largely political spectrum. According to Russell Kirk and Carlyle, this development has from time to time accorded conservatism some peculiar qualities including: agrarian sympathies; a romantic medievalism; certain forms of estheticism; and recoil from the mechanization of life. Additionally, neo-conservatism provided so me clear aversions to capitalism that was largely synonymous with the industrial revolution, unlike the Old Right era that had not completely adopted the capitalist system. Several debates have been sparked with the view of understanding the differences between the liberals and the conservatives. One historian holds that liberals tend to be more participative on activism because they are more of optimists as compared to conservatives. They are more optimistic because they are considered more rational than the rest. Additionally, unlike conservatives, liberals tend to derive values and norms either from historical tradition or from revelation. Unlike in the form of neo-conservatism, historical tradition is immune from critical reconstruction in the future. Liberalism was also considered a great secular character unlike conservatism that was regarded largely religious based. Over the years, the liberals who were opposed to redemptive liberalism were often referred to as neo-conservatives. However, in the 1970s and 80s something new was developing. Although, elements of neo-conservatism seemed to be predominant at the time, the leader of the free world seemed to be incorporating the conservative language of topics that included moderation and self-discipline. Additionally, the President seemed to be advocating for traditional moral and religious values. Reagan took advantage of these new ethics and used them to form what is referred to in some quarters as the Reagan ideology. Supporting both conservative and liberal ideas and incorporating it in his governance ensured the mix of the two ideologies. Reagan celebrated an American conviction in an unhindered future of technological and economic progress. Whenever the subject of human limitations arose in conservative ideas, they seemed to be reserved to the public sector. However, this message also provided a very traditional morality- of community, religion and family. What President Reagan conveyed through coupling moral nostalgia with economic dynamism was the essence of his career, from his sports journalism days to his presidency. The points of continuity in conservatism have also been its greatest points of tension. For instance, some of the Old Right will notice that neo-conservatism represents a popular strand that threatens the conservatisms traditional position as a fervent and eloquent balk from a leveling democratic culture in which most people descend to meet. Additionally, the animadversions of the conservative have too often been sought to force a religious test for conservative membership. If the excesses of the New Left do happen again, of if the Old Right of the Reagan ideology has indeed led to an era of narcissistic materialism, the conservatives will have far more challenges to counter than the divisive intramural wrangles.
Friday, November 22, 2019
Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace
Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace Why Good Writing Skills Are Important in Todays Workplace In todayââ¬â¢s digital world, people seem to overlook writing skills as something thatââ¬â¢s not as important as a strong resume. While that may be the case for some professions, effective paper writing and expressing your thoughts in a clear and cohesive way will get you far and beyond your peers. What is it that makes good writing such a necessity in todayââ¬â¢s average workplace? How do I get better at writing? The short answer to attaining good paper writing skills is to read; a lot. Reading is the best way to expand your vocabulary and knowledge of different styles of writing and tones of voice. Itââ¬â¢s a subconscious process that requires you to invest time to work on your writing skills before you even start writing.W Once you do start writing, itââ¬â¢s all about trial-and-error. You will make mistakes at first and thatââ¬â¢s a part of the process. Whatââ¬â¢s important is to keep track of these mistakes and use them to write better the next time. There are numerous tutorials and guides on how to write and format specific documents in order to make your paper writing as presentable as it can be. The fact of the matter is that you are never too old, or too young to start developing your writing skills. Be sure to take time and study these formats and styles, since you wonââ¬â¢t have so much free time once you are actually employed and use your writing on a daily basis. Good writing helps you get a job Before even talking about why writing skills are important at your workplace, letââ¬â¢s talk about applying for a job. Good essay writing skills will help you craft an amazing motivational letter that will help you not only express your future goals but also help you introduce yourself to your future employer. Not only does good writing help you express yourself, it also shows the employer that you have a good grasp of English and that you can use proper formatting, grammar and proofread your writing. Thereââ¬â¢s nothing worse than submitting a job application only to later find out that you didnââ¬â¢t proofread it and itââ¬â¢s full of errors. There are services online that can help you make your writing the best there is, but like any other skill, it takes time and patience to perfect. You will be happy for every minute you spend honing your writing skills however, since they are the best way to make a good first impression on your future employer. Writing skills help you progress faster Like your job application, what you do after you are hired speaks as much volume about you. The moment you start answering mail, writing papers and reports and basically doing any kind of written communication inside or outside your workplace, your writing skills will begin to show. What you show at this point is up to you, and it is highly advised that you work on your writing skills as much as possible. Exhibiting the same professional and thorough approach to paper writing will help your bosses notice you. This way you can progress up the structural ladder in your company or firm much faster, since youââ¬â¢re obviously a professional worker looking for ways to advance further and have more responsibility. Your paper writing skills in corporate world will speak volumes about who you are and give credibility to every word you write. People are much more likely to trust and follow a person with good writing skills than someone who canââ¬â¢t even properly format his e-mail. You need to be aware that in corporate world, many of your colleagues wonââ¬â¢t see you eye-to-eye except on breaks and occasional coffee sessions. This means that they will communicate with you via mail, messages and official company correspondence. It is imperative that you use proper writing skills when you conduct this type of communication. Writing helps you develop leadership skills Any manager or executive will tell you that writing skills directly affect the way you lead people. Like weââ¬â¢ve mentioned, you will conduct most of your communication indirectly, and since this is the case, proper paper writing skills are essential in leading a team of people. Good writing skills will help you delegate assignments and manage your people a lot easier since you will be clear and concise in your correspondences. The biggest mistake you can make is not pay attention to the briefing you are writing for your employees. This can lead to confusion, creative and productive bottlenecks or in worst cases, loss of revenue. One misinterpreted sentence will cause you lots of trouble and back-and-forth, so make sure that your writing skills are on par with the position that you are filling. Good writing will also help you develop strong critical and objective thinking towards your people. You will give clear feedback on how to improve their workflow, motivate them to accomplish their tasks in a timely manner and best of all, writing skills will help you listen. Thatââ¬â¢s right. Often an employee will come to you with a problem. Be it personal or professional, itââ¬â¢s up to you to respond. You need to know what to say and when to say it. If your writing skills are good, you will know exactly how to respond and help your employee get back on track with their work.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Biodiversity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Biodiversity - Assignment Example He continues to observe that introduction of science to manage the environment may be futile. The cases of genetically modified food and nuclear energy may bring us more harm than what the world believes (Mark ppp. 23). Marks believe that to save the environment, it is a choice we have to make. It all depends on us to save the environment. These are different environmental systems that do exist and functions interdependently. For instance, there is ozone layer boundary, aerosol boundary, climate change, biodiversity, land use and fresh water boundary among others (Mark pp. 56). The current global environmental degradation has been caused by wanton natural resources use particularly by developed countries. It makes sense to believe that the developed economies use more natural resources as compared to less developed countries. In case of Mother Nature strike like the Katrina Hurricanes, the poor are always at receiving end. They suffer more than those who have used these resources. On top of that, the rich countries and state will try to solve the devastating problem milking the poor to
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Cost Benefit Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words
Cost Benefit Analysis - Essay Example [Refer to Appendix B] It was found, by the 1999 survey statistics in a table entitled "Extent of Flame Damage by Major Property Use, 1999, Structure Fire Reported to U.S. Fire Department" that in just the area of residential properties of only one and two family dwelling houses that: Table 6.2:Loss per Fire in One and Two-Family Dwellings, by Extent of Flame Damage Annual Average of 1989-1998 Structure Fire Reported to U.S. Fire Department [National estimates based on NFIRS and NFPA Survey] These are fires reported to the U S. municipal department and therefore exclude fire reported only to Federal or state agencies or industrial fire brigades. Fire in which the extent of flame damage was unknown or not reported have been allocated proportionately among fires with known extent of flame damage. Property damage figures have not been adjusted for inflation. Fires are rounded to the nearest ten and property damage is rounded to nearest hundred dollars. Sums may not equal total due rounding errors. There are defin There are definite cost benefits for properties that can be as a direct result of fire sprinkler installation, but, what is the cost benefit analysis with respect to saving lives The NFPA has kept statistics on large loss-of-life incidents for the last decade and has found that: NFPA has no record of a fire killing more than two people in a completely sprinklered building where the system was properly operating, except in an explosion or flash fire or where industrial fire brigade members or employees were killed during fire suppression operations. (NFPA, 2003) The following table shows that figure in a clearer scale: Table 6.1: Estimated Reduction in 1999 Civilian Death per Thousand Fires Due to Sprinklers, in Property Classes [National estimates based on 1999 NFIRS and NFPA Survey] Date reported in Version 4.1 as sprinkler status unknown was converted to no-sprinkler. It was necessary to use pre-1999 data to estimate what fraction of the 1999 fires coded as non-sprinkler really were no sprinkler. The conversion of data reported in Version 4 converted all fire where sprinklers operated to other/unclassified. It was necessary to use pre-1999 data to estimate what fraction of the 1999 fires coded as other operation were really sprinkler operated. These are fire .reported to U S. municipal fire department and so exclude fire reported only to Federal or state agencies or industrial fire brigades. Fire statistics do not include proportional shares of fires with sprinkler status unknown or unreported. Fires are estimated to the nearest hundred. Sums may not equal total due rounding errors. Total includes fires in properties without high occupancy, such manufacturing and storage properties. The NIST (National Institute of
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Not So Sure Itââ¬â¢s Ernest Essay Example for Free
Not So Sure Itââ¬â¢s Ernest Essay In The Importance of Being Earnest (1985) by Oscar Wilde (1854 ââ¬â 1900) and Sure Thing (1988) by David Ives (1950 ) we witness characters attempting to negotiate personal relationships under the heavy weight of contemporary perceptions. The Importance of Being Earnest takes place in Victorian England, roughly between 1850 and 1900, and Sure Thing is a contemporary play that debuted in 1988. In both plays we are forced over and over again to take an honest look at what is important in the lives of two people who hope to make a love connection. In the Oscar Wilde play in the end we discover that all was not, or rather that all was what it seemed, even if it was not really meant to be. In David Ives one act play we go through the rigors of what we all have come to believe is considered acceptable and end up being forced to look inside of ourselves as the play evolves. Both plays present a brilliant satire on pompousness and the expectations of society. Not So Sure Itââ¬â¢s Ernest Although born and raised an entire century apart from one another, both Oscar Wilde and David Ives hit upon a similar note of social cynicism in their respective celebrated plays; The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and Sure Thing (1988) Both deal with the heavy impact that social mores contemporary to their day seem to have upon the intimate union of man and woman. They both feature characters that seem to question the earnest nature of their own relationships. While Wildeââ¬â¢s London characters appear to be more deeply involved, and to have perhaps more at sake in their remotely settled Eighteenth Century Victorian lives, Ives on the other hand presents an almost transient view of contemporary Post Modern urban life in the mid 1980ââ¬â¢s. Make no mistake about it, his is a view poised from the super-charged post-Future Shock-internet age. Yet, together they present a vision of society that is often rather similar in its critique. These are characters whose only options seem to be raw cynicism or stark narcissism, as if the weight of life leaves them with no other choice. Ultimately, both narratives involve a world where the characters try their best to reinterpret what is truly important in their own lives; in order to escape the neurosis that surrounds them. In each plot, comedy plays a fascinating role as if to help us adjust to the psychological dilemma that we witness unfolding before our eyes. As the characters on the stage embark upon a mission to reinvent themselves, triggered either by a startling revelation that all is not quite what it actually seems or simply by the ringing of a bell, we see that happiness is all about what you are willing to believe. These are plays about relationships, and the sometimes overwhelming influence that social and class perceptions have upon whether that ââ¬Ëlove connectionââ¬â¢ actually happens or not. Both playwrights take direct satirical aim at male-female relationships and the often bogus nature of courtship and just what it may entail. It is as if love and marriage, or perhaps the respective contemporary mores governing love and marriage is viewed by both of these men with a fundamental contempt. The women appear for the most part strong and somewhat liberated. However, this is satire by the way, and the language involved helps to construct two moral universes with a vision of life that is actually deserving of mockery. In Sure Thing this is aided with the immediacy of a bell which interrupts and determines the success or failure of each exchange. For the cast of The Importance of Being Earnest, we are led to believe that there is actually much more at stake; simply because we are taken through a narrative that is about much more their lives. Wilde wrote during one of Great Britainââ¬â¢s celebrated golden ages. It was the Victorian Age, a time when England commanded the sea and had very few rivals in the world. It was a time of great economic consolidation for the UK, and a time of great expectation and upward mobility for a bourgeoning English middle class. The Germans were often considered crude, and the French were frequently called vulgar in their appetite for free expression. This was the dawn of the modern industrial age, and in Great Britain unlike the character in Wildeââ¬â¢s play, it was really deemed improper in polite company for a man to directly propose marriage to a young woman. Usually, her parents would be the first to know of a manââ¬â¢s intentions for their child, and for the young woman this was actually supposed to come as quite a surprise. Oscar Wilde was one to write narratives that poked fun at English culture and ran contrary to these notions of propriety. This is what much of his literature is all about. The short one-act play Sure Thing, takes place in a post-modern urban American setting. We are simply led into a coffee shop where a prototypical rendezvous takes place between a man and a woman. It is one generation after the sexual revolution, and the nature of boy meets girl is summed up for us in a series of one-liners or pick up lines from Bill to Betty. His success or failure is determined by a bell and also by his and our relative proximity to current perceptions of what is actually socially acceptable and perhaps politically correct. So it is that everything, from his knowledge of literature, to where he grew up, his grade point average, and where he went to school, all elicit relative scrutiny from the overly cynical bell ringer. This is done well within ear shod of an audience that is quickly fit to express its own cynicism as well. It is as if we become Bettyââ¬â¢s parents as we look on, in the hopes that Bill will finally get it right and make a proper connection. In the end, Ives is cleverly allowing us to poke fun at ourselves.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Software Engineer :: essays research papers
Computer software engineers use the basics and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many different tasks. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, computer software engineers are projected to be one of the fastest growing occupations over the 2002ââ¬â12 period. The starting salaries for computer engineers with a bachelor's degree can be higher than salaries of bachelor's degree graduates in many other occupations. What are the duties of a computer software engineer? à ·Ã à à à à Testing and verifying ongoing designs à ·Ã à à à à Designing and developing software à ·Ã à à à à Project managing à ·Ã à à à à Consulting Where can I find computer software engineering training? Most employers would like to hire people who have at least a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in computer science, systems software engineering or computer information systems with knowledge of, and experience with, a variety of computer systems and technologies. Graduate degrees are wanted for some of the more difficult jobs. As technology advances, employers ask for new skills. Computer software engineers must continue to learn such skills if they hope to remain in this field. To help them keep up with the technology changes, continuing education and professional development seminars are offered by employers and software vendors, colleges and universities, private training institutions, and professional computing societies. How can I get a computer software engineering certification? Professional certification is now offered by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society. To be classified as a Certified Software Development Professional, people need a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree and work experience that shows that they have mastered knowledge, and must pass a written exam. What is a computer software engineerââ¬â¢s salary? Computer applications software engineers who worked full time in 2002 were about $70,900. Computer systems software engineers who worked full time in 2002 were about $74,040. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the starting salary for graduates with a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in computer engineering averaged $51,343 in 2003, and those with a masterââ¬â¢s degree averaged $64,200. The starting salary for graduates with a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in computer science averaged $47,109. What career some career opportunities for computer software engineers? Entry-level computer software engineers are likely to test ongoing designs. As they get more experienced, computer software engineers may be involved in designing and developing software. Soon, they might become a project manager, manager of information systems, or chief information officer.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Destructive Nature of Typhoon Quinta Essay
Geological Factors that contributed to the destructive nature of Typhhon Quinta that hit Iloilo and Capiz last month and measure to address these problems: A Reaction Paper With 52,172 families (251,152 persons) affected, many Filipinos celebrated their recent holiday vacations with grief as Typhoon Quinta hit the Phlippines destroying millions of properties and owing 15 people their lives. Millions of pesos worth of agricultural crops and infrastructures were also damaged in 544 barangays of the 40 municipalities and four component cities of Negros Occidental, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan. Typhoon Quinta brought more devastation to many towns in Iloilo and Capiz compared to Typhoon Frank as far as flood water is concerned. Waters from Suague River which originates from the mountains of Janiuay and Jalaur River in Calinog engulfed towns along its way towards the sea especially after combining as one river in the Municipality of Mina even though Tigum and Aganan Rivers did not overflow it s banks. Towns of Pototan, Barotac Nuevo, Dingle, Dueà ±as, Dumangas, and Zarraga located downstream were devastated as the waters of the combined rivers made flood water levels relatively higher than that of Typhoon Frankââ¬â¢s. The natural recipe for flooding is that a day before a heavy downpour is hours of light rain as a forward effect of an incoming typhoon which will saturate the upper ground portion. When the typhoon comes in bringing with it heavy rains at 20 mm/hr., the ground cannot accept anymore the additional heavy downpour. So instead of a 9 percent penetration with 91 percent run off of overload flow, it will now be 1 percent penetration with 99 percent of the heavy rain as storm water runs off, hence a heavy surge of water across the land which we experience as flood. Now what hit most towns north of Pavia appears to be heavy rains of about 15 to 20 mm/hour. Trees play a very vital role together with watersheds in relation to flooding. The leaves of trees act as cushion to rain so that it will fall slowly and that by falling slowly, rain will gently reach the ground surface preventing compaction and therefore allowing more time to infiltrate the ground to be part of the underground regime. A study conducted for the Aganan and Tigum watersheds made by a hydro-geology consulting firm, Sweco, hired by MWID in 1997 showed that a hundred years ago, rain infiltration was 15 percent but at the time of study, it declined to only 9 percent. This was mainly because of the reduced forest cover and the increase of impermeable surfaces such as roads, basketball courts,à houses, and other structures which prevent the effective infiltration of rain into the ground. In addition, a watershed is a land area where rain falls and is drained by a river system, hence the Suague watershed is that mountain portion in Janiuay where rainfall is drained by the S uague River which passes the town proper before merging with Jalaur River which also drains a separate mountainous area. The best watershed in the country would be the rainforests found only in remote mountains in Mindanao, however, such are already fast vanishing. These are virgin forests with trees of hundreds or thousands of years old with thick undergrowth of vines and shrubs. The top soil is composed of thick decayed vegetation that if one jumps on it, the entire top soil up to 20 meters away vibrates and behave like a sponge and therefore a very good absorbent of rainfall. For us to restore our watersheds to rainforest condition there should be a strict implementation of the rule of absence of human activities because the mere planting of trees already seemed to be not enough. Raising cows and carabaos in the Tigum watershed must be prohibited so that the ground will not be compacted and people will not frequent the mountains. The rise of flood waters in Typhoon Quinta was so fast that in just a matter of minutes, it reached 5 to 8 feet high. This is basically because our rainforests are in a bad condition. The condition of our watersheds in the mountain determines the timing of the release of storm water towards the plain of lowland where population centers are located. If our mountains are fully-covered with trees and there is undergrowth of vines and shrubs plus an increase in rain penetration, then the flow of water towards the rivers will be gradual instead of a surge thus preventing a destructive flood. With increased globalization and modernization, our economy cannot afford to be left out by the rest of the world. Of course, we must also keep up with technological innovations. However, we must not forget our responsibilities in protecting our environment. We must not put into risk the future of the next generations that would inhabit the world but instead, we must take into consideration the concept of sustainable development. Our government should pass and strictly enforce laws that maintain hydro-geological conditions of our rainforests before and after any developments in infrastructures. Also, we citizens must be cooperative in these efforts of the government and must follow these rules. Typhoon Quinta highlighted the importance of disasterà preparedness. We must always keep in mind what National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Administrator Usec. Benito Ramos said: ââ¬Å"the typhoon should teach us to be always prepared and it is a lesson for all of us that whenever there is a weather disturbance anywhere in the Philippines, there is no place that will not be affected.â⬠The bottomline is, what we need is discipline and a sense of responsibility. Whatever happens in this world, we, its inhabitants, always have something to do with it. If only weââ¬â¢ll be disciplined enough to impose and follow rules, and be responsible to take care of this only place where we can live, then we wonââ¬â¢t be facing such disasters and surely, weââ¬â¢ll live in this world safe and sound. References: http://www.thedailyguardian.net/index.php/iloilo-opinion/22314-why-the-unusual-flood-from-quinta http://www.ugnayan.com/ph/gov/PIA/article/2SXZ
Saturday, November 9, 2019
My First Day in College Essay
One day, while I was laying peacefully on my bed, my mother came in with a letter from Florida A&M University. I didnââ¬â¢t really want to speculate anything because a few days before I received a letter from another college saying that I wasnââ¬â¢t accepted. Nevertheless I was still excited when I opened it and even more so when I read that I had been accepted. So without much hesitation I packed up and headed to Tallahassee. When I arrived my mother and I took care of registration and a plethora of things you have to manage as a new student. After all the hassles of college registration were completed my mother departed for home and I was left by myself to attend college. What a great feeling! Little did I know what I had on store for the next day, my first in college. The time was around 6:30 am, my alarm rang and it suddenly hit me that Iââ¬â¢m now in college. I got out of bed a little earlier than I normally would have to because I knew nothing more than which classes that I was supposed to attend. As I prepare myself for a day of school I noticed my roommateââ¬â¢s door was open. I went asked him a little about the bus situation, he told me that I should just walk in the morning because the bus isnââ¬â¢t that reliable at times. That later turned out to be very true, I have taken the bus to school since Iââ¬â¢ve been here at FAMU. So I began walking to class but as I walked I saw a few people waiting for the bus and I started to question my roommates theory about the bus, yet I kept walking toward campus. As I get to campus Iââ¬â¢m in complete and utter dismay because I knew what my class schedule was but I didnââ¬â¢t actually know where the classes were. So as I walk pondering on where to go I happen to see a building that says housing. I walk into the building and luckily there was someone there. I look on my schedule and asked where the building was of what I thought was my first class. One of the gentlemen took me outside and showed me the building. I thank him sincerely and went about my way. I walked all the way to the building and sat down because I noticed that I had a little time before the class started. I just happen to take look at my schedule again and I noticed that the class that Iââ¬â¢m actually waiting for is my second class. At this point Iââ¬â¢m very upset with myself because I askedà for the wrong class. So I walked reluctantly back to the housing office hoping that they would help me again. As I walked back Iââ¬â¢m thinking to myself ââ¬Å"I hope theyââ¬â¢re not too busy to help meâ⬠. When I get back into the office luckily it was a different person there so I ask them were this building was. She told me but she was very unclear and I wasnââ¬â¢t sure what she was talking about. Her almost exact statement was ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s near the gymâ⬠. I wasnââ¬â¢t sure if the gym had rooms in it or what. So as I go toward the gym and a guy asks me where a class was, I say with a confused look on my face ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t knowâ⬠so he asked somebody else and they helped him out. At one point it sounded like we had the same class so I followed him. This class was actually in the gym, so I stood there for a while and I overheard somebody saying that it was an aerobics class so I left in search of my class yet again. Next I leave that class to find somebody else to help me out a little. I find someone and although he was very vague on giving directions also I managed to find the class. Remarkably I still managed to make it to the class on time. Finally I took a seat and the instructor started speaking. I realized that the person who is speaking isnââ¬â¢t even the instructor of that class, she was out that day. So the substitute hands out the syllabus and an overview of chapter one. All in all Iââ¬â¢d say I spent 15 minutes in that class. Thinking back, I had spent more than 15 minutes just searching for the class. As I walked toward my other class I realize that my two trips to housing where actually a good thing, because I already knew where this class was. In this class I had a very interesting teacher. He was a very loquacious man and said he didnââ¬â¢t write anything down on the board nor did he repeat anything, so you had to get it right the first time. After about 45 minutes of that it was time for me to go home. So walked back to my room and took a well deserved nap. That concluded my first day at FAMU. Overall this university is a great place to further your education although, like any other institution of higher learning, it does have its faults. My first day was filled with confusion and challenges but I managed to getà though it as will any other first day student. Generally I think this will be a great experience for me and ultimately it will help me in pursuit of my career dreams.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
A Second Slice of Pie essays
A Second Slice of Pie essays One of the most common complaints about capitalism is that it is inherently unfair. That the operation of an unrestrained, free market will inevitably lead to iniquity, and a great disparity in outcomes. Complaints usually proceed along the lines of - "the rich get richer, and the poor just keep getting poorer". Thus, government intervention is appealed to as protection against the vagaries and unfairness of free market forces. Arguments against unrestricted capitalism include charges of exploitation of workers, an obsession with efficiency, and the consignment of unproductive individuals to the economic scrap-heap. This essay is not intended to address each specific accusation, but will identify the erroneous, central premise behind these misgivings, and the implications of correcting it. The flawed premise held by almost all critics of capitalism, is the view that it is a zero-sum game. In other words, that any gain in a free market economy must have occured at someone else's expense. Ironically, this misconception plagues capitalism and not other economic systems, precisely because of capitalism's great success in wealth generation. It is not hard to see why this is the case. Before the advent of capitalism, the vast majority of people in Europe were indentured peasants. There was no political or economic freedom, and the masses were unable to own land, choose their employment, or respond to opportunities in the marketplace. In fact, there was no market, and most labour was unpaid, with the peasants actually remitting produce to the landed aristocracy. In feudalist Europe, it was not merit, talent, hard work or creativity which decided one's economic situation or social standing, but purely chance - namely into which family one was born. The economic freedoms which are the hallmarks of capitalism - being the right of everyone to own property, and the right to respond to the opportunities and conditions of the market rath...
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Martin Luther King Jr Day Essay â⬠A Life to Be Remembered
Martin Luther King Jr Day Essay ââ¬â A Life to Be Remembered Itââ¬â¢s in times like these that we must turn our heads from the future, and the present, to look back on the brilliant minds of the past. From this vantage certain questions can be jarring. For example, how different would the state of world today be if Martin Luther King Jr had been the first African American president? At this moment in history many Americans believe the US government is the #1 threat to liberty and the pursuit of justice, once again. It was the same in his day. The degree to which civil liberties have been eroded for all Americans, not just those of color, is disturbing; shocking really. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and President Obama are Nobel Peace Prize winners. One for combating racial inequality, and the other for wellâ⬠¦no one really knows and the President himself offered to give it back. Whatââ¬â¢s happening? When did we lose control? To write an essay, letââ¬â¢s take a look at a couple select parts of the world renowned and historic speech, I Have a Dream and compare it to where most Americans find themselves today. And, as we do, letââ¬â¢s ask ourselves what itââ¬â¢s going to take before another leader like Mr. Luther King Jr. stands up and begins to speak. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. Income disparity is at historic levels. The fact of the matter is that nearly all of the countryââ¬â¢s wealth is concentrated in the hands of a tiny portion of society. Weââ¬â¢re talking literally off the charts inequality (borderline banana republic). While over 100 million have left the conventional workforce to become discouraged or underemployed workers, Wall Street is seeing new highs. As of right now the DOW just reached its 143rd new record of 2013. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. Because of the rampant fiscal calamities, compounded by the loss of civil liberties and the disenfranchisement of the masses in the completely inept political establishment, a ferocious class war is brewing. The right and left sides of the isle have never been so polarized throughout the nation. Online and around dinner tables from Seattle to New York serious constitutional, legislative and legal arguments are getting heated. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. The state still has some political, economic, educational, labor problems. Debt is progressing. Through inflation and the devaluation of the dollar, at least 80% of America is being increasingly oppressed and then taxed to the gills with interest on money created out of thin air. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. In this respect Martin would be proud of Americaââ¬â¢s youth at large. Theyââ¬â¢re not perfect and have many flaws, but they sit at the cusp of a new age where through technology they find empowerment. Free knowledge, networking, business, virtual currencies, etc. Millennials will be the brunt of the workforce soon, and with them will come unprecedented changes. Freedom, real honest to goodness freedom, thatââ¬â¢s what we see when we look at a black and white photo of him. Thatââ¬â¢s what we feel when we hear his words: And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. Sooner or later the pendulum of freedom will swing back towards a more balanced 21st century society. And when it does there will be great minds at the helm of powerful movement who themselves will have likely read and re-read those words above. A life remembered still has the power to change the world.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Research Topics with Explanations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Research Topics with Explanations - Assignment Example Furthermore, the existence of various regulations regarding the use of cell phones especially while driving in the various states in the country is a major cause of confusion. As such, the research investigates the nature of the regulations in various states and analyzing the effects of such disparities. The audience for the research will include road users and legislators who make laws in the country. The research argues that standardizing the regulations will enhance uniformity thereby improving road safety (Sturnquist, 2006). The outbreak of measles in numerous states within the United States has been a major source of concern for both parents and legislators. The refusal by most parents to take their children for vaccination further heightens the safety concern especially in such public places as schools among any others (Link, 2005). The research investigates the most probable ways of encouraging and compelling parents to take their children for the vaccination (Wells, 1984). The audiences for the research are school administrators, parents and legislators among many other interested parties (Levine, 1997). The research argues that the government should adopt a radical measure such as banning unvaccinated pupils from attending public schools. The United States is the leading democracy and economy globally. Additionally, the country is a leading champion for the improvement of the treatment of such vulnerable groups as children, women and the LGBT community. As such, the country has a role to play in encouraging the adoption of fair labor laws globally (Jackson & Management Information Service, 1985). The adoption of fair labor laws is the surest way of enhancing the economic freedom of such communities. Such laws protect employees thereby creating a conducive environment for the employees to work and enhance their productivity. The research investigates the appropriate ways for the American
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