Financial Crisis 2008 Essay - 1160 Words

Just after ten years of Asian financial crisis, another major financial crisis now concern for all developed and some developing countries is â€Å"Global Financial Crisis 2008.† It is beginning with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on Sunday, September 14, 2008 and spread like a flood. At first U.S banking sector fall in a great liquidity crisis and simultaneously around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. (Global issue) According to the specialists, there are many reasons for this global financial crisis. We try to focus some prime reasons behind this†¦show more content†¦Declining price attract people with the easy loan facilities of their banks. And banks are ready with very high risk loans. This excess supply of home inventory placed significant downward pressure on prices. As prices declined, more homeowners were at risk of default and foreclosure. According to the SP/Case-Shiller price index, by November 2007, average U.S. housing prices had fallen approximately 8% from their Q2 2006 peak and by May 2008 they had fallen 18.4%. The price decline in December 2007 versus the year-ago period was 10.4% and for May 2008 it was 15.8%. Housing prices are expected to continue declining until this inventory of surplus homes (excess supply) is reduced to more typical levels. Speculation - Speculation in real estate was a contributing factor. During 2006, 22% of homes purchased (1.65 million units) were for investment purposes, with an additional 14% (1.07 million units) purchased as vacation homes. During 2005, these figures were 28% and 12%, respectively. In other words, nearly 40% of home purchases (record levels) were not primary residences. NARs chief economist at the time, David Lereah, stated that the fall in investment buying was expected in 2006. Speculators left the market in 2006, which caused investment sales to fall much faster than the primary market Mortgage fraud - Misrepresentation of loan application data and mortgage fraud are other contributing factors. US DepartmentShow MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from AmericaRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis 20083250 Words   |  13 Pages1. Introduction Shah (2010) stated that the global financial crisis which has been brewing for a while has really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. It started with the default of the subprime housing loans in the United States when its housing bubble burst. It caused a great impact across the globe that first struck down major financial institutions, first in United States and then in Europe, that were directly exposed to the mortgage default risk. After theRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe 2008 financial meltdown resulted in the most treacherous investment landscape observed since the great depression. The most notorious issue was the subprime mortgage crisis, which had a ripple effect felt through every market in the world. The banks, whose leverage rate should never have been higher than two times capitalization, surged as high as thirty to forty times market cap. With this level of exposure, any unforeseen market fluctuations could mean disaster. Lehman Brothers, the oldestRead MoreCauses of the 2008 Financial Crisis2661 Words   |  11 PagesTitle Date of Submission Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis a) Financial crisis definition Financial crisis is defined as the financial meltdown, or in other terms as the credit crunch. A financial crisis is an economic incidence makes it hard to obtain and access the capital for use in investment. The economic crisis is an ongoing economic problem that was more pronounced in 2008 resulting in the liquidity in the global credit markets and its financial systems (Berlatsky 77). This means thatRead MoreThe 2008 Financial Crisis Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted inRead MoreThe Financial Crisis And 2008 Is A Big International Crisis2051 Words   |  9 Pageshave a financial crisis, it depends on the government and banks, which means Australia might go to have a financial crisis in the further year. Banks can reduce the likelihood of having a financial crisis in countries. Many possible ways to have a financial crisis and 2008 is a big international crisis. Australia financial system helped the government to reduce the damage from the 2008 international crisis, ma ny countries except Australia have a serious problem and impact after the crisis. AustraliaRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent credit crunch. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression ofRead MoreEffects Of The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081763 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial crisis of 2007-2008 is widely considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1930s. The origin of this big storm dated back to the high home prices of the United States. After America’s entire investment banking system was attacked, many industries such as auto industry also went bankrupt. Unfortunately, it spread quickly to the whole world, causing huge damages to the global economy. Th erefore, my study will focus on the effects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008Read MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20082489 Words   |  10 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 has been studied by several economists, and different causes have been identified, both primary and secondary, which intensified the overall impact of the crisis. In my view, the Global Financial Crisis resulted due to a culmination of several policies that interplayed with each other, and significantly influenced all sectors of the economy, from consumers to the government. In this essay, I will be addressing the main underlying causes of the crisis, how theyRead More2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combined

World Class Organization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2343 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? To achieve world-class status, an organization must stimulate creative thinking, encourage dialogue and introspection and promote understanding and new actions. Most important, it must give people inside and outside the organization something to care about. When people think of world-class organizations, chances are widely admired companies such as General Electric, Microsoft, British Airways, Hewlett-Packard, Coca-Cola and Disney spring to mind. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "World Class Organization" essay for you Create order Yet what elevates these and other companies from merely successful to the more desired status of world-class? A closer look at the best of the best reveals several shared characteristics. Besides being the premier organization in their industries, world-class companies have talented people, the latest technology, the best products and services, consistent high-quality, a high stock price, and a truckload of awards and accolades acknowledging their greatness. Dig deeper and youll also find that communication is practiced as a strategic process within these companies thats woven into their business planning, decision-making and organization-wide priorities. It defines their cultures by encouraging dialogue, feedback, interpretation and understanding. The Secret Behind World Class Something else also distinguishes world-class companies from all the others. World-class companies give people their customers, employees, suppliers, even the people in the communities in which they operate something to care about. While it may sound simple, a closer look at some of the worlds most respected and most successful companies indicates its true. Look at Disney, for example. Beginning with CEO Michael Eisner, everyone at Disney gives people a reason to care about the company because everyone there takes great pains to make their guests believe in make-believe. All new hires at Disney experience a multi-step training program where they quickly learn the language: Employees are cast members, customers are guests, a crowd is an audience, a work shift is a performance, a job is a part, a job description is a script, a uniform is a costume, the personnel department is casting, being on duty is being on stage, and being off duty is backstage. The special anguage along with the complete immersion into the companys history and mythology, reinforces the Disney frame of mind, starting with its new employees. All this acts to strengthen the sense of purpose and cult-like unity, ultimately intensifying the underlying ideology: To make people happy. These things, including unity of purpose and preservation of image and ideology, work together to make Disney world-cl ass. GE is another example of a world-class company that goes to great lengths to make people care by manufacturing high-performance products that consumers dont need to worry about. GE has invested millions of dollars in turning customer responses into business opportunities. The companys Answer Center, located in Louisville, Ky. , receives customer inquiries 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and handles 15,000 calls a day from people considering the purchase of a GE product. Their computerized database contains more than 650,000 responses to a variety of inquiries, which allows customer representatives to provide knowledgeable answers at the touch of a button. GE sees its investment in managing customer inquiries as just as important as investments in production capacity, technology and personnel. From a communication standpoint, Jack Welch challenges managers to turn complex business initiatives into simple concepts so employees and customers can understand and contribute to their successful implementation. Finally, theres FedEx. CEO Fred Smith gave people a reason to care about FedEx because it took the unusual step of providing a guarantee in an uncertain world. FedEx has become synonymous with overnight delivery, much like Xerox is for copiers and Kleenex is for tissues. The company is built around a reputation to not only deliver packages worldwide, but also to deliver excellent customer service. Customers trust that when the FedEx guy comes to pick up their package, hes personally taking it to the plane that flies to the truck that drives to the van that delivers the package. With more than 2. 8 million packages going to 212 countries every day, FedEx can still guarantee overnight delivery (now even on Sundays) while offering time and cost savings and customized logistics solutions to its customers. World Class During Good Times and Bad While many world-class companies often serve as role models for their industries, its important to note that their track records arent always perfect. Their ability to handle adversity, however, is another characteristic of their world-class status. Take Coca-Cola, for example. Robert Goizueta, the late chairman of CocaCola, went to great lengths to make people care about Coca-Cola to the point where the product transcended our thirst and became a part of our everyday lives. Yet the company made the fateful error of underestimating the power of the brand when it introduced a new formula New Coke in the mid-1980s. The debacle convinced the company that Coke wasnt just a drink, but a part of life that shouldnt be tampered with. Today, everyone at Coca-Cola is focused on one thing ensuring their products are available to thirsty consumers, wherever they are. To that end, communication plays an integral role. Cokes public relations people are business-oriented counselors who act as enablers and supporters of corporate strategy and initiatives. And, as is the case with other world-class organizations, Coca-Cola makes sure its communication philosophy is understood by all employees through constant reinforcement, dialogue and involvement. Working to Stay World Class Its interesting to note that world-class organizations are not built overnight, yet by most peoples definition, world-class companies are enduring. They are able to withstand and even capitalize on the vagaries of the marketplace and the whims of consumers. Theyve made an impact on the world we live in, and theyve withstood multiple product or service life cycles. An underlying spirit in everything they say and do conveys their world-class status. It is this quality that separates them from the pack of successful companies and catapults them into the company of the best of the best. But what happens when a company that is widely perceived as world class falters? Several noteworthy examples of companies were considered to be world-class organizations, yet for one reason or another, took their eyes off the ball, lost their focus, and forgot to give people something to care about. Their fall from world class was both quick and shocking. Consider McDonalds, for example. The company forgot that people cared about them because they provided consistent-tasting food hot, quick and cheap. Or Apple. They forgot people cared about them because they took chances and gave them new and different products for their changing lifestyle. And Kodak forgot people cared about them because they gave people a simple way to capture their lives. These companies are not alone. In their relentless pursuit of growth, many companies forget to give their own employees something to care about. Even more tragic, many forget how employees are the only difference between success and failure. Once companies forget about why people care about them, the dangerous downward spiral continues, as everyone from the CEO to the receptionist loses sight of what they were doing to make the company respected, successful and enduring. Building a World-Class Organization through World-Class Communication The ability to define and articulate what it is that makes people care about you is critical for any company striving to become a world-class organization. The challenge for leaders, managers and communicators is defining that quality, consistently delivering on it, communicating it in all you say and do, and then, never losing sight of it. Here are some suggestions to get communicators and managers started: For Those in Management Start by answering the question, why should someone care about your company? Should people care about you because you make the best-tasting, safest, fastest or least expensive product? Should they care about you because you make them feel good when they use your product or service? Should people care about you because you stand for the same things they stand for: quality, safety or value? Whatever you decide, let it overwhelm the company. From the vision and values of the organization to how you set high standards of performance not just in public relations but throughout the company from the receptionist answering the phone to the sales force selling your product. Let this desire to become world class drive you to be more visible to employees, customers, suppliers and influences. Let it remind you to repeat as often as possible the key messages for your business. For Those in Public Relations Management Look yourself in the eye, and tell yourself one thing: I am not in the job I started in when I joined this company whether you joined yesterday, last year or 10 years ago. Having acknowledged that, have the courage to relearn your profession, relearn your business, relearn what employees think, relearn what customers want, and relearn what the CEO needs to accomplish. Let it force you to remove performance barriers for you and your staff. Push your staff for new ideas and new suggestions. Make sure what youre doing is giving people something to care about. Invest in research to find the facts before you act; Ask for different information on the company and read different things. Ask the right questions. When confronted with a manager or marketing person, try to determine their objectives instead of trying to teach them PR. For anyone in communication, try coming to work on a Monday morning and for that week, ask yourself one question before and after you complete a task: Who cares? Make sure that whatever you are doing keeps people focused on what matters. Put yourself in someone elses shoes; then, take that insight and use it to ensure that managers, employees, customers, media, have a deep understanding of your business and your company, including its vision, mission and values. Practicing World-Class Communication At the best companies, communication is an interactive process, led by the CEO. The corporate culture is based on respect for the individual and an egalitarian, non-hierarchical management model. Communicators are counselors and managers are seen as key communicators. Experience proves that strategic communication is critical to any organization striving for world-class status. based on our work with many world-class companies, Boxenbaum Grates, Inc. has identified the key characteristics found in world-class communication: * The CEO drives the effort; communication supports the CEOs priorities. World-class communication cannot exist in an organization without the involvement, commitment and support of the CEO and senior management team. The CEO needs to take the role as lead communicator, driving the process and establishing high expectations for the function. This means that communicators are responsible for everything from implementing corporate strategy, differentiating products and services in the marketplace and protecting the organizations reputation, to motivating employees and building relationships. * Managers are credible and reliable sources of information. Another crucial characteristic of world-class communication is that managers and supervisors are key communicators. Recognizing and employing them as such reinforces a strong focus on the importance of interactive communication at the employee level. * PR managers have a comprehensive understanding of the company, its employees, customers, business, industry and regulatory environment. In world-class communication, communication managers are expert in providing counsel to the CEO and senior management team on a range of issues affecting the company. At FedEx, for example, the vision of corporate communication is to serve as a strategic partner in the company, providing communication expertise to key decision-makers. PR professionals are more business-oriented, which translates into a more strategic approach to communication. The management at one Fortune 500 company, for example, looks for new PR people, primarily from outside the organization, who have global business experience. Some organizations such as those in the automobile industry may look for people with a mix of journalism, agency and a utomotive backgrounds. As one executive put it, you can teach anyone communication, the challenge is understanding the business and industry. PR professionals practice PR. Public relations practitioners are engaged in establishing relationships with the media/press, understanding their angles, information requirements, deadlines, and involving the appropriate managers and other company personnel in being readily available to work with the media. This expertise is essential in keeping the information flow to and from the organization open and respected. * Communication is measurable. In world-class communication, measurement is integrated into the communication function. It goes beyond content analysis, opinion polls and general surveys, and focuses on its bottom-line effect. * PR professionals are first-hand witnesses. PR professionals are actually talking with customers, employees and the media. They are involved in the companys business on a real-time basis. They establish contact with the media and understand how different groups interpret their business and help the organization learn from it. * Management model dictates communication importance. Communication is a philosophy within the world-class organization. It is woven into strategic business planning and organization-wide priorities. It permeates and defines the culture by encouraging dialogue, feedback, interpretation and understanding. A team concept is a good method of how an organizational structure can promote teamwork, dialogue and trust. Similarly, a culture and work environment should be based on a respect for the individual and an egalitarian, non-hierarchical management model. Considerations: Does the management infrastructure encourage communication? Is communication a one-way street or is it interactive? Is it the right management model for the changes the company is making to become more competitive? Raising the Bar To be sure, examples of world-class communication vary from company to company. To some companies, communication is considered world class when their factory workers start asking detailed questions about the business. Others think world-class communication means having customers and prospects understand the companys positioning and purpose. The bottom line for any organization is that world-class communication is synonymous with a learning culture, where employees are motivated, enabled and empowered. As we look to the business world of the future, the challenge is on for all communicators to create world-class communication processes, functions and professionals, which, depending on the circumstances, act as enablers, drivers and supporters of corporate strategy and initiatives. The result is building a world-class organization. Gary F. Grates is CEO, Boxenbaum Grates, New York City.

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Huck Finn is a Hero in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn...

In all books, theres always a character that stands above all others. A name for this character could be Hero. In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, Huck Finn could be considered a hero for the attitude, actions, and emotions that he possesses throughout the book. In mostly every chapter of the book, Huck shows how he can be a spotlight character. The moral Huck possesses is much greater than any others, and that is something that only true heroes possess. Hucks father, Pap, would abuse Huck every now and then, I reckoned I was scared now, too; but in a minute I see I was mistaken - that is after the first jolt, as you may say, when my breath sort of hitched, he being so unexpected; but right after I see I warnt scared of him worth bothring about(Twain 17). Huck wouldnt let his father get under his skin; he wouldnt revolt back at his father and take action. He let what was going to happen, happen, and it didnt really affect him. Huck was a little diff erent than most people, he saw a different view of life, a more humane way of life, I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: All right then, Ill go to hell...and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming(Twain 191). Huck decided against turning Jim in because theirShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Its Characterization951 Words   |  4 PagesBouchey Eng. Hon. 2nd 3 March 2016 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its Characterization In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a large use of characterization to develop the characters and is influenced by the time period. Mark Twain was born in 1835, and lived to see the Civil War start. This is a big influence on his writing, because his two most famous works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. They both take place in the time beforeRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck, aRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn2015 Words   |  9 Pagesthe latter nineteenth century, the famous author Mark Twain, less commonly known as Samuel Clemens, produced The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A few years prior to the publishing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain released possibly his most famous book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which is very much an adventure novel. In the early chapters of Twain’s sequel, it appears that ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another adventure novel, and that it is just following a differentRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthe wages is just the same?† (Twain 97). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a novel about a young boy named Huck Finn who goes on many exciting adventures with a slave named Jim. Huck’s friendship with Jim blooms along the way, and his mora lity is questioned as he is faced to be the hero of the novel. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, three meaningful subjects are explored in heroism, friendship, and morality that are still relevant today. Huck Finn is a young boy with immenseRead MoreLiterary Analysis: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn â€Å"Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.† (Twain, ix) Mark Twain opens his book with a personal notice, abstract from the storyline, to discourage the reader from looking for depth in his words. This severe yet humorous personal caution is written as such almost to dissuade his readers from having any high expectationsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a topic of debate for a long time. The most heated topic of debate is if the novel is racist and if it should then be included in school curriculum whether. Many believe this book should be taken out of school curriculum for being racist. Huckleberry FInn should be taught in schools because of its satire, views on slavery and morals, and depiction of antebellum America. Huck Finn still remains a classic Twain s use of satire is one of the many thingsRead MoreHuckleberry Finn - the Controversial Ending2199 Words   |  9 PagesThe Adventures of Huck Finn-The Controversial Ending The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has stirred up much controversy over such topics as racism, prejudice and gender indifference, but the brunt of the criticism has surrounded itself around the ending, most notably with the re-entry of Tom Sawyer. Some people viewed the ending as a bitter disappointment, as shared by people such as Leo Marx. The ending can also be viewed with success, as argued by such people as Lionel TrillingRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Homer s Odyssey3369 Words   |  14 Pagesfirst dismiss the similarities of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Homer’s Odyssey as entirely superficial. Both are examples of the narrative pattern of The Hero’s Journey; the Odyssey presented as an epic that was so influential it birthed the entire western cannon of story telling and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written in the tradition of the Great American Novel that defined the spirit of the age in the United States. Each respective hero embarks on a journey, encountersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1164 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Research Paper In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain writes about the events in Huckleberry Finn’s life and the people around him. Huckleberry Finn tells the tale of life in the nineteenth century through the eyes of a 14-year-old boy struggling to find his place in this society. Throughout the story Huck deals with several moral issues; such as slavery, his distrust of society, and social order. In this essay I will discuss moral issues that Huck Finn faces in the story. The storyRead MoreThe Duke And The King915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Duke and the King in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain’s novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, follows the story of a young runaway boy on a raft down the Mississippi River in the mid-nineteenth century; Huck is joined on his adventure by an escaped slave named Jim. â€Å"Twain purposely wrote the novel as a picaresque† (Sims) in which every event has an effect on the hero. As he travels down the river, Huck meets many people including two men who claim to be a duke and a dauphin, or a

Research on Dribbling and Passing Free Essays

Research on Dribbling and Passing Submitted By: Andro Joseph Dela Cruz Basketball dribbling skills Basketball dribbling skills are something that you have to work at to obtain, maintain and improve. Most everyone knows how to dribble a basketball, but not everyone can dribble like a pro. When you first begin to learn dribbling techniques you will learn that you don’t dribble with the palm of your hand, dribbling a basketball is done with the tips of your fingers. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on Dribbling and Passing or any similar topic only for you Order Now You will use your forearm and wrist to balance the ball as you learn to dribble with using the tips of your fingers. Your coach will usually put together a different basketball practice plan for the team each practice. This will assist each player individually and as a unit to improve both their individual and team skills. Don’t just stop with scheduled practices if you truly want to improve your skills and control on the court. On your own you can start by running dribbling drills. Remember to keep your weight on the balls of your feet and in the ready position. As you continue to learn and improve your foot and dribbling control on the court as an individual player, you will begin to show your improved skills as a team player. Your team members may also want to run drills with you after practice, or just play for fun. These are other ways for you to learn potential opposing team types of moves and learn different offensive techniques. A team works together toward the goal of winning, but they also work together offensively to help prepare each other for what the opposing team may be bringing to the court. Protect the Ball When dribbling against a defender, ALWAYS protect the ball with your body. You can do this by dribbling with your left hand when you are going left and your right hand when you are going right. This will force the defender to reach across your body to attempt a steal. Developing your â€Å"off† hand It is important to work right from the start at developing both hand equally well. When practicing your ball handling, make sure that you practice at least as much with your weak hand as you do your strong hand, eventually increasing to twice as much with your weak hand. Coaches like†¦ Coaches like a person who: 1) can dribble with both hands 2) doesn? t try to show off for no reason 3) isn? t afraid to make the extra pass to get a teammate more open than you are. And if coaches like you, then they tell other coaches. Word spreads very quickly and just by doing the little things you can have a name for yourself in no time. Keep Your Head Up When doing all drills involving dribbling, it is extremely important that you keep your head up. You must be able to see where you are going and where your teammates are so you can pass them the ball when they are open. Speed Dribble The speed dribble is used to advance the ball quickly up the floor, against little or no defensive pressure. The dribblers hand should be behind the ball pushing it in front, then running to catch up. This prevents a â€Å"palming† or â€Å"carrying over† violation. The speed dribble in the open floor can be a little higher than other dribbles. Control dribble moves should be around the knee, but a speed dribble can be waist high. Power dribbling-Dirt dribbling This drill actually requires you to leave the basketball court and find a patch of dirt. Do a Power dribble on the dirt for 1 or 2 minutes. You will need to power dribble the ball even harder than usual in order to get the ball to bounce on the dirt. This drill is an extremely good arm workout with power dribbling. Dribbling to avoid pressure By dribbling the ball over half court on the sideline, you are giving the defense an advantage. They can set up their help side defense or trap you. Change directions and it helps relieve some pressure. As often as possible, bring the ball up the middle of the court and NEVER pick up your dribble in the corners. Passing 1)  Two-Handed Chest Pass Overview This is the most effective and efficient pass you can use. It can be used successfully from anywhere on the court. Use this pass whenever possible because it’s the fastest way to advance the ball to teammates. Fundamentals Place each hand on either side of the ball and spread the fingers evenly. Fully extend your arms as you push the ball out from your chest and snap your wrists outward so that the back of your hands are now facing each other. You’ll get a good rotation on the ball when you snap your wrists. This makes the ball easier to handle for the receiver. Be sure the pass is thrown crisply with the ball remaining parallel with the floor. You want the pass to arrive at your receiver above the waist and below the shoulders. 2)  Two-Handed Bounce Pass Overview This type of pass is good on the fast break, to a teammate in the post, under a defender, to a teammate making a back-door cut, on out-of-bounds plays, etc. A lot of times, players will make a shot or high-pass fake before making the bounce pass. The bounce pass is the slowest pass available. Fundamentals Use the same grip and motion with this basketball pass as you did with the chest pass. The ball should hit the floor about two-thirds of the way to the receiver. To be more accurate, step toward that spot. You want to hit your teammate between the knees and waist. A backspin is good to use to give the receiver a longer lead. Push the thumbs throught the ball to achieve the backspin. A forward spin can be used to get the ball through a narrow opening and to produce a quicker pass. You’ll need to be more accurate when using a forward spin but if you can perfect it, it will add more to your game. 3)  Two-Handed Overhead Pass Overview This is an effective basketball passing option for every player on the court. Players often use it to start a fast break, forwards will use it to hit post players or guards cutting off the post, guards use it to hit the post, centers and players receiving high passes use it to make a quick return pass or pass off. This type of pass is easy to control and helps you keep the ball away from your defender. Fundamentals Position your hands on the sides of the ball with your fingers pointed up. Your thumbs should be on the back of the ball and pointing in toward one another. Bring the ball up above your head (be sure your hands go straight up, not up and back over your head). Release the ball with a quick snap of your wrists and fingers like on a chest pass. It’s usually good to make a slight step forward with the foot of your strong arm side. 4)  Push Pass Overview This pass is used most often to advance the ball down the floor in order to set up the offense or to get the ball through or past a close-guarding defender (usually to a cutter). The bounce pass version is good for passes to a cutter on fast breaks or reverses, many out-of-bounds plays, to a post player or to pass under a defender. Fundamentals Hold ball chest high. Spread your fingers on each side with thumbs directly behind, but a bit toward the top of the ball and pointing toward one another. Keep elbows close in. The force of the ball is provided with a quick snap of your wrist, fingers and elbows. You should move forward with your body crouched a bit. Step forward with your passing-hand-side foot and push off with your non-passing-hand-side foot. You can use a direct or bounce pass. Direct pass should reach receiver between the waist and shoulders and bounce pass should hit the floor about two thirds of the way to receiver and arrive between the knees and waist. )  Off-the-Dribble Pass One of the quickest basketball passing options because there’s really no set-up with it. As you’re dribbling, instead of bouncing the ball back to the floor for another dribble, move your hand behind the ball and push it towards a teammate as a pass. It’s hard for defenders to steal this one because they’re expecting a dribble in stead of the pass. 6)  Baseball Pass Effective for long passes to a cutter or to inbound the ball quickly after allowing a score. Place the ball high above the side of your head with the passing hand behind the ball while the other hand is in front of and slightly under the ball. Be sure the fingers of each hand are pointed upward and your thumbs are pointing inward over your head. Plant your rear foot and step toward the receiver with your front foot. Try to keep both hands on the ball as long as possible and throw the ball with a quick wrist snap and arm thrust. As you follow through, snap your wrist straight down so the ball doesn’t curve on you. 7)  Behind-the-Back Pass A basketball passing technique that can work wonders when done well or end up terrible if done wrong or carelessly. So make sure you practice this one to perfection and only use it when the situation warrants it. This pass can be used off the dribble, standing still or while moving toward the basket and is used often with two-on-one fast breaks. If you can deliver this pass correctly, it will be very difficult for your opponent to defend. Cup the ball in your hand. Swing your arm behind your back with the elbow bent, fingers pointed down and your thumb pointed toward your back. Release the ball with a whip of your arm and a quick wrist and finger snap How to cite Research on Dribbling and Passing, Essays

Creative and Innovation

Question: Discuss about the "Creative and Innovation". Answer: Problem solving In the domain of creativity and problem solving, we get a number of words that are linked with the problem solving. In situations, people consider problem solving is overcoming of any difficulty that was imposed. They concentrate their attention on the word problem, and consider it to be a negative thing. But, at many instances people associate the job of problem solving with words like logic, analysis. We come to the decision that problem solving is basically the way to close the gap between the present situation and the desired one. We engage in problem solving on a daily basis such as adding up amounts etc. when we try to remember birthdays. Problem solving involves designing solution to face any challenging situation; the search for the solution is generally based on ones knowledge. Mostly, the challenge is well explained with clear methods for solution, it may at times also have clear boundaries to be considered for the solution. Creative approach A creative approach basically means that we are moving towards a solution never before done. Situations like these generally consist of an ill-structured problem and unfamiliar solutions. Although, a creative approach requires your knowledge but its ones imagination that is the actual player in this regard, and also ones intelligence applied during the approach (Bytheway, C. 2007). A creative approach also requires courage, it also means being open to unfamiliar experience, treading into new paths. The creative approach also requires us to use all resources at hand-people, method and also the context. A creative approach requires us to do something that has never been attempted before, which means moving from our comfort zone to deliver something challenging, that is basically unknown, and the results are uncertain. Linking creativity and problem solving Instead of keeping creativity away from problem solving, we take the approach that is designed to use both our imagination and our intelligence, to focus as well as generate, to use memory alongside with logic and also our base emotions. The opportunities that are created by merging this two have a diverse collection of plans, approaches enabling us to work around a wide sphere of challenges. The art of linking creative thinking with problem solving is a form of janusian thinking. This is named after Janus, the roman god. The actual reason why janus was given such respect, was because he had to look in two opposite directions simultaneously. Being, the god of doorway, he looked both inside and outside simultaneously. The basics of creative problem solving Brainstorming is not exactly creative problem solving, although most of the times that is what people think. It is actually a designed and outlined process that helps us from problem incubation to finding and implementing appropriate solutions. Creative ideas do not appear in ones mind without any effort, rather they are the result of trying to solve a problem or to accomplish a specified goal. A suitable example would be-Albert Einsteins theory of relativity, which took the world by storm were not sudden inspirations. But, they were the result of a lot of mental hard working, which paved the path fro such a discovery. The most famous geniuses in the world have worked in the above way, they put the best of their mind to derive an appropriate solution to their problems. They never waited for the creative ideas to occur to them, rather they tried to work out the problems in their own minds, applying the basics of creative thinking. In more simple words, creative thinking is defined as a problem solving process that addresses any problem, and aims to combat it creatively. The solution that we get is considered creative as it is not a familiar one (Ceserani, J. and Greatwood, P. 1995).To meet the basic criteria so that the problem solving process is considered creative, the solution that is obtained should be able to resolve the concerned problem in a new way, given the solution is dealt individually. Specific application of the term, the art of creative problem solving applies to the famously known Osborn-parnes(CPS) process for creatively solving problems. The process was developed by Dr.Sidney J Parnes and Alex Osborn, during the 1950s.The major difference that lies between this process and other CPS process that is available in the markets is the structured use of both the divergent and also convergent thinking during each step of the process. Mostly, each step begins with divergent thinking, which basically means an bigger search for many alternatives, this is followed by convergent thinking which is the tedious process of evaluating each alternative on basis of the pros and the cons and selecting them. While describing the creative problem solving process of Osborne-parnes. There are at least four models that should be taken into consideration. The important three are being discussed here.- 1. a) Linear-The linear model, has its own unique features ,each of the stages of the process is shown by a diamond shape. This shape stands for first, generating or diverging options. Thinking is in straight lines, which moves step by step for maintaining order (Chasser, A. and Wolfe, J. 2010). This model came out during the 1970s. 2. b) Bubble During the 1990s ,the diamond shape that was being used changed into bubbles that were connected ,now this represents an attitude shift towards connectedness that was directed and meaningful at the same time. There are three stages unique to the bubble model. The linear model on the other hand has diamond shapes with smooth outlines and there are arrows present which shows direction. 3. c) Systemic The construction that is used in this model actually agrees with our normally used web-like view that is interrelated. The bubble and the diamond cps model offer well thought out approaches to CPS, this model actually tells us exactly what is happening. It outlines the key phases involved and makes a chart of the thinking process that is being utilized for each. Seven step CPS framework Creative problem solving has been around for a long time, and has been the basis of problem solving for centuries. The importance of creative problem solving is immense, its incubation was the day when humans started to think innovatively (Creativity, innovation, and job creation, 1997) .It was first formally outlined by Alex os born who invented the process of formal brainstorming ,to derive a solution. However, many different approaches exist to CPS. The various CPS steps that are widely used are- 1.clarify and identify the problem 2.Research the problem 3.Formulate creative challenges 4.Generate ideas 5.combine and evaluate the ideas 6.Draw up an action plan 7.Do it Lets take a closer and detailed look at each of these steps a) Clarify and identify the problem It can easily be argued as the most important step in the CPS process, which is to clarify and identify the main problem. This though it may sound easy, but is easier said than done. As, most of the time we fail to identify the central problem, To cite an example in this regard, one may think that he needs a new job, but what he actually needs is something to pay for his expenses better, here the solution is considered to be a job, but it can also be to rearrange and manage more efficiently the expenses to be able to save up. So, the fact is there is some difficulty associated with clearly identifying the main problem. The most effective way to deal with such a situation is to ask you a series of questions about our problems in order to clarify them. The most basic question in this regard-why is this a problem? Or Why do I want to achieve this?. As an example consider the situation where you want to deal with your shyness. First ask yourself the question why you want to do this? And the answer is as I am lonely. Then you ask yourself again why else many more times, and the answer comes out to be because I do not know many people in this city and then because I would like to do things with likeminded individuals. So, after this analysis we realise that the actual problem is not the shyness, but it is about doing things with likeminded individuals. So, if one would put his energy in finding likeminded individuals, he would not even have to deal with the problem of shyness in the first place. In addition to this, the problem can also be clarified by asking one what do I really want to accomplish, what prevents me from accomplishing it. By answering all these types of questions we get a better idea about our problems and also find better versed methods to deal with them creatively (Duggan, 2007).There are also the restraints that are to be considered before dealing with the problem what is the time frame ,Is there any money related issues. One should make a list of all these constraints before diving into the problem. b) Research the problem The next vital step of CPS is the research part, it is important to research the problem in to get a more vivid understanding of it. Based on the nature of the problem, it may be required to do extensive research or maybe even little. The most effective place to start for it is from a good start engine. But, neglecting information from old fashioned sources will be folly. Libraries can provide in depth reading on the situation which is very helpful .Family, colleagues and friends can also be helpful in this regard, going for forums providing expert opinion is also a good idea. But, most importantly try to collect and assess suggestions from a wide array of people which helps in effective research. c) Formulate one or more creative challenges By the above methods, one should be conversant by now with the basics of identifying and analysing the challenges. The next logical step is to convert these issues into challenges that are creative .A creative challenge consists of a basic question that has been developed to encourage ideas or suggestions. Creative challenges by nature, should be simple, and most importantly should focus on a single issue .As an example-How am I supposed to improve my English and find a job. These are two separate challenges and must not be put together , attempt to generate ideas that will solve both these problems simultaneously would cover the prospect of creative thinking. The most logical solution here is to break the problem and then apply different strategies to deal with them differently, that way both these problems can be solved by employing creative thinking .Do not throw evaluation criteria in creative challenges. d) Generate ideas Finally, the part which most people associate with brainstorming and creative thinking. First, we take only one creative problem and try to generate as many ideas as possible. One can take the help of family members and friends if required .The ideas can be written down, or applications such as MS-Word can also be used, this is not the important agenda what matters are these rules. Which are-write down every idea that crosses your mind, no matter if the idea may seem stupid still write it down without any exceptions. If this is being done in a group make sure that no one is criticizing others ideas cause this discourages the person involved and also disrupts the atmosphere of creative thinking. But, if you are doing it alone do not stop until you have reached your target number of ideas. If many people are involved, allot a time span of fifteen to twenty minutes and then discuss ever y idea that comes in ones mind, this way people will improve upon their ideas by adding from others i deas. If one is facing problems in coming up with ideas open a dictionary choosing a random word, make ideas that can somehow be associated. Another thing worth noting, is that brainstorming does not necessarily have to be done at one home or office even ,if one feels that he cannot develop creative ideas he may go someplace he feels comfortable enough to start being innovative it may even be a park or a coffee shop (Gold, 2007). The internet is also available option in this regard. Another notable point, is if one is feeling devoid of original ideas, it is advisable to sleep on it, cause research has shown that our brains generate creative ideas while we sleep, so it is a good idea to give a try on the next day as it gives better chances of succeeding . e) Combine and evaluate ideas After one has noted down all his ideas concerning the problem. Take a small break, then come back and go through the ideas, ideas may come together to form bigger ones. Choose your favourite ideas from the list but be careful not to cut out the creative ones, then give the chosen criteria a rating ranging from 0 to 5.After the score has been allotted to each idea, analyse each and see if the score of these ideas can be improved or not, then choose the idea with the highest score, it might not solve your problem exactly in the way you want it to be, but it will be the most suitable solution to your current challenge. Now, based on the type of challenge that one is dealing with he might be provoked to go on and implement these ideas, or in many case they may require more stricter evaluation .A SWOT analysis might be in order, to smoothen out the evaluation. SWOT stands for (Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threat).What this does is it weighs down all of the options being consider ed to solve the challenge and move further, it rates each of the options based on the above four criteria of strength, weakness, opportunities ,threats. So, it makes the job of choosing a viable option more easy and balanced as it incorporates all the aspects (Goldenberg, J. and Mazursky, 2002). If the concerned ideas are business related, a market research might be in order. It is not important to limit one to an exact favourite idea, one can also experiment to derive the perfect solution. f) Do it This is the most basic step .But, also the one that decides the course of the challenges faced. Take the decided plan and execute it, with close proximity to what had been planned out. And ,if things go awry, u may even rewrite your plan. Application on real life business problems Creative thinking is very important for real life problem solving in the business domain. Mostly, because the market is ever changing and to be above the competition means that one has to be able to devise strategies that can combat the ever changing scenario. This is where the art or rather the technique of applying creative thinking to real life problem solving comes into the picture. By, creatively solving challenges we preserve our originality and boost our self-esteem by embarking and successfully completing challenges that are not familiar and that has never been done by anyone before us. So, we realise that applying the creative approach to real life business problems is very important .Ther are many examples of applying creative thinking to problem solving. Some of which are given below- 1. Logic Tree based problem solving A very effective way to allow staff to use creative thinking to meet business challenges in real life is by the use of logic trees .A logic tree problem solving is a method which visualizes a very detailed exploration of any decision making scene. As one completes each step on the logic tree, the solver then branches out to more finer aspects of the problem until they arrive at some satisfactory responses which are based on the variables which are specific to the individual situation being dealt with. The logic tree based problem solving is beneficial immensely, cause it not only is it a teaching tool but a problem solving tree that is committed to documentation in the form of a flowchart that is quite simple to follow helps the staff to deal with problems in the way that the management expects them to, an it also does not involve any direct consulting with a supervisor (Hesselbein, F. and Johnston, 2002). This is hence a very powerful tool which if used effectively especially in a s mall business scene is very valuable, where most staff members are required to be as effective independently as possible. 2. Strategic Problem solving as a cost preventive measure A manufacturing background requires problem solving quite often that mostly relates to troubleshooting devices or machines failure. Management then consults the particular equipment provider, then comes up with a plan taking the time into consideration for the present staff to deal with the failed equipment. An appropriate example to depict this scenario is as below-an office printer stops working normally, the staff then resort to the process of solving the problem strategically. They first start by looking for the most basic reasons for failure-if paper is present in the printer, then he moves on to problems which are not so common, like checking if the paper got jammed, if all this fails the staff as in accordance with the problem solving chart replace the cartridge of ink, and restart his computer and printer .If all of this is done to no avail, then the staff calls a technician specific to such issues to take care of the printer. 3.Strategic problem solving in customer service applications The domain of customer service requires varied application of strategic and creative problem solving. Problem solving in this context often means dealing with complaints from customers and a well thought out plan to handle a complaint is easier than avoiding it. A common technique that has widespread use is providing a small special discount to affected customers in attempt to deal with the grievances. 4.Intuitiive problem solving and small businesses Small business stands an advantage in that they can improve hugely from applying the procedures that are adopted by big businesses to their daily operations. The staffs though definitely faces problems which are first of its kind but a journal which details the various problems that are expected to be faced and providing detailed and practical solutions to specific problems is a great tool to have (Johnston, R. and Bate, 2003). Even if a new solution has not been fruitful it can also be recorded so that in future the company can try out more varied and more innovative solutions when a problem similar to it arises. To store larger records though a digital database is a boon. 5.Marketing Creative marketing does not mean, developing with newer and revolutionary ideas, it also requires a good understanding of the markets involved, the preferences of the target consumers of the product being developed and slowly but steadily building the brand value of the product. Applying creative ideas to marketing lets one understand and combat the market better, and create a unique product image and also to develop innovative campaigns. To succeed here, it requires not only applying creative thinking to problem solving but also good judgement and awareness about the market .It helps to develop a strong marketing strategy for businesses ,to deliver the perfect message to the consumers in terms of the proiduct. It helps in effective connections with the customers. 6.Training Techniques Irrespective of whether one is a trainer or a designer or a project manager. He or she will have to at some point or the other impart training to subordinates on new emerging technologies or practices. The training sessions have to designed so that the concerned audience may find it interesting and also at the same time learn the concepts effectively (Paulus, P. and Nijstad, 2003). So, here the process of applying creative thinking comes to play , in designing training courseware that can enrich the experience of the audience, which will ultimately affect the concerned companys performance. The main motive should be to design sessions that are interactive and more importantly one of a kind to keep the interest of the audience preserved for a longer time, and this requires applying creative thinking. The sessions should include practical examples as a way of engaging the audience. Thinking for Entrepreneurs For an entrepreneur looking to develop a business or develop network with potentially important clients. Creative strategies and a well-structured plan is very important for success and applying creative thinking helps you to do so. Many, take only the customary approach that hurts their business development. Fresh ideas and new approaches are key to business development and retaining clients (Plsek, 1997). So, building a creative approach to problem solving which can be extended to business solutions are very important to succeed. Not only it helps to understand the market better but also reflects on ones own strengths and weaknesses. A good entrepreneur looks at the picture from above and sans conventional approach of business this is where creative thinking shows its colour. Conclusion The business world is a very competitive arena, which takes the best out of one. To excel here would require utmost patience with the power of creative thinking and applying those notions strategically to problem solving on a real life scenario (Stokes, 2006). his above script depicts closely how creative thinking is applied to a real life business scenario. References Bytheway, C. (2007). FAST creativity innovation. Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Ceserani, J. and Greatwood, P. (1995). Innovation creativity. London: Kogan Page. Chasser, A. and Wolfe, J. (2010). Brand rewired. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Creativity, innovation, and job creation. (1997). Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Duggan, W. (2007). Strategic intuition. New York: Columbia University Press. Duggan, W. (2007). Strategic intuition. New York: Columbia University Press. Gold, R. (2007). The plenitude. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Goldenberg, J. and Mazursky, D. (2002). Creativity in product innovation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Hesselbein, F. and Johnston, R. (2002). On creativity, innovation, and renewal. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Hesselbein, F. and Johnston, R. (2002). On creativity, innovation, and renewal. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Johnston, R. and Bate, J. (2003). The power of strategy innovation. New York: AMACOM. Paulus, P. and Nijstad, B. (2003). Group creativity. New York: Oxford University Press. Plsek, P. (1997). Creativity, innovation, and quality. Milwaukee, Wis.: ASQ Quality Press. Stokes, P. (2006). Creativity from constraints. New York: Springer Pub. Co.

Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour free essay sample

Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour. When supporting positive behaviour there is lots of different approaches, most practitioners find they need to draw on several of these: Reinforcing positive behaviour; this approach is well known and focusses on praising children when they have shown positive behaviour so they will be more likely to repeat this behaviour. Modelling; this approach is extremely important as children learn some of their behaviour from others so it is important to role model good behaviour which includes being polite, being patience and showing consideration for others. Positive culture ; This means it is important to be positive about a child and not expect them to be difficult as it seems children can sense the level of behaviour expected from them and will meet these expectations. 024.6.1 Explain how to support children and young people experiencing different types of transitions. The starting point in supporting children and young people is ensuring they have someone they can rely on, someone they already have a positive relationship with. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also important to explain to them what is likely to happen, to be truthful and answer questions they may have. When explaining to children/young people it is important to allow them time for the information to be processed, with younger children it is good to feed them information little by little. Another important aspect of supporting children is to listen to and acknowledge their feelings by doing this it can help children as they then feel they are being taken seriously. The most important thing is to reassure the child/young person that what they are feeling is normal and also whatever may happen they will be safe and secure.